Designed as a representative counterweight to the cathedral, the 80-meter-high dome of Christ Church stands out architecturally from the ensemble of church towers in the city center. The history of Christ Church is closely linked to that of Mainz's Protestants, who used this church to make a statement of their self-confidence.

In 1830, the Protestant community, which at that time had only around 1,200 members, acquired St. Johannis Church. 100 years later, almost a third of Mainz's population was Protestant – over 30,000 people. The expansion of the city to include Neustadt at the end of the 19th century came at just the right time in the search for a new main church. Kaiserstrasse was created as a magnificent boulevard, in the middle of which the church designed by city architect Eduard Kreyßig still inevitably attracts attention today.

Kreyßig designed the building in the style of the Italian High Renaissance—the dome is reminiscent of St. Peter's in Rome. When Christuskirche was inaugurated in 1903 after seven years of construction, the city gained a new landmark.
In 1945, Christuskirche was severely damaged, and reconstruction of the church began in 1952. Today, Christuskirche not only hosts church services, but also events, exhibitions, and concerts.